In Your Turf: Jan. 1999, Adding Adjuvants

Val Ivy, a technical service representative for Terra Industries, Montgomery, Ala., attributed this increased amount to the increase in the number of contact postemergence herbicides on the market today, but said such a variety of products leaves contractors with little sense of which products work well, although a number of adjuvants are specified on a pesticide’s label instructions.

In general, adjuvants are used with turf herbicides, but Ivy emphasized that contractors need to know the mode of action of the product they use to make sure it is combined with the proper adjuvant.

“Adjuvants are designed to improve the performance of the product they are used in combination with, and sometimes that can mean the difference between success and failure,” Ivy added.

Ivy explained that different adjuvants function in different manners, and contractors should consider their application needs before making a purchase.

For example, a spreader or wetting agent is designed to increase the surface area coverage on the plant that each droplet of a spray solution covers.

“These products are measured by the contact angle the droplet forms on the leaf,” Ivy noted. “Water forms about a 93-degree angle, but the addition of an adjuvant can lower that angle to less than 45 degrees and let that drop cover more plant. But contractors should be aware that getting too low of an angle can lead to runoff.”

Other key criteria to consider when selecting an adjuvant would be how it performs in the Draves wetting test and the surface tension test. Contractors will most likely want an adjuvant that will increase the pesticide’s ability to penetrate the plant but won’t have such a high surface tension that it can’t move through the plant.

“While there are these measures and means to test the ability of a particular adjuvant, there aren’t any common standards to indicate that a given adjuvant has to have a contact angle of 45 degrees or a wetting property of less than 20 to be sold,” Ivy explained.

“It’s almost impossible for the average lawn care contractor to keep up with all of the new adjuvants on the market,” Ivy commented. “That’s why it’s so important that contractors deal with a reputable supplier who has data and technical knowledge to back up the claims about the product and can help contractors identify the best adjuvant to meet their needs.”

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